Author Archives: Eleanor Kuhns

About Eleanor Kuhns

Librarian and Writer Published A Simple Murder, May 2012

Dyes in Bronze Age Crete

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Since handweaving is one of my hobbies, or was until my books took off and I no longer had time, I am fascinated by ancient textiles. Until modern times, and the Industrial Revolution when looms and weaving became mechanized, weaving was one of the most important professions. In Egypt, some of the hieroglyphics inscribed on walls show weavers. And loom weights have been found in Akrotiri, buried in ash when the volcano that blew the center out of Santorini and severely weakened the Minoan civilization erupted.

Working in tandem with the weavers were the dyers. Of course, until the 1880s when the synthetic dyes were invented, all the dyes were natural dyes. The women of Bronze Age Crete used dyes to create their elaborate and colorful patterned textiles.

The Cup Bearer

Notice the colorful stripes on the figures loincloth in the restored fresco from Knossos.

The camp stool fresco

What were the dyes they used? Yellow from saffron. (A famous fresco depicts a group of young girls collecting saffron from crocuses. Yellow was the color of the young girl.) Blue from indigo. Red from the cochineal beetle. And, perhaps most interested and valuable, purple from the shell of the murex sea snail. Thousands and thousands of shells have been found, speaking to a large operation. Because so many shells were needed to make the dye, purple was very expensive. Hence the name, royal purple. It was too expensive for the common folk, right up through the Middle Ages.

Where is green? Although green is all around us in nature, it is a very hard color to find as a dye. Using green plants does not usually give a green color and if it does, the color is not permanent.

Green usually has been made by dyeing blue and overdyeing yellow. When it was discovered by the painters, green contained arsenic. Napoleon is supposed to have died from arsenic poisoning from the fumes coming off his wallpaper.

Currently Reading

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Now that Malice Domestic is over, I can review the books from the panel I moderated: the importance of setting.

Heather Weidner almost needs no introduction. The author of several series, Twinkle, Twinkle au Revoir is the latest in her Mermaid Bay series. And a funny book it is too. The Love channel (a thinly disguised Hallmark Channel) comes to town to film a new movie. Ruby, the owner of the B&B, is being driven crazy by all the quirks of the actors. But business is booming is the Christmas Shop run by Jade Hicks.

Then the body of an annoying reporter is found and someone tries to murder the male star, Raphael Allard. Laugh out loud funny.

Peril at the Pool House is also written against the setting of a beach community. Helen Morrisey, a realtor/detective, has sold a Victorian beauty to Elliot Davies and wife Allison. Elliot is running for office and holds his kick-off in the house.

But rumors that the house is haunted appear true when strange events begin happening at the house. Then the body of his assistant is discovered in the pool house, bludgeoned to death.

The case takes a turn when Helen discovers a connection to a cold case.

A twisty mystery and good characters make this one shine.

Hammers and Homicide by Paula Charles takes place in a hardware store – a pretty unusual setting. Dawna is struggling to keep her hardware store going after the death of her husband. The job gets much harder when she discovers the body of a murdered man in the store bathroom. Warren Hardcastle was not popular in town but now Dawna is one of the suspects. Dawna and her daughter April jump on the case.

A touch of the supernatural makes this one a little different. Funny and fun.

Finally, Cathi Stoler’s book is a little different. She wanted to become a spy as a child and that shows. Nick Donahue’s significant other Marina are drawn into a complicated mystery that starts out simply enough with the death of a horse. The location moves from New York City to Dubai to Kentucky as Marina and Nick, a professional gambler – now there is a profession you don’t see very often – investigate.

This series has a real Robert Ludlum – Bourne vibe. Enjoyable.

Malice Domestic

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Malice is one of my favorite conferences. This year was no exception. I had a great time in the Malice Go Round. Twenty tables, eight people and two minutes at each table to describe my books. )No pictures from that. A participant barely has time to breathe.) A shout out to my wonderful tablemate – Jacqueline Bouldin.

I also moderated a panel on the importance of setting. ( am on a Saturday morning, ugh.) But quite a few brave souls attended.

My wonderful panel consisted of Heather Weidner,, Cathi Stoler, Judy Murray and Paula Charles.

Since these are all funny ladies, we had a great time.

We all signed afterwards. Very pleased to see several people from the panel audience and from Malice Go Round turn up and ask me to sign some books.

I also attended the panels for all the nominees. I have not read everything – but I will.

I have already signed up for next year!

Currently Reading

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What is Andi Grace to do? When she visits her long time friend Peter, she finds his dead body on the floor. And when the police arrive, they find her, with a heavy paperweight in her hands.

Andi Grace insists she would never hurt Peter. When her parents were killed in a hit and run – a crime that was never solved – she quit school to care for her siblings. Peter provided advice and help. She would never hurt him.

Although the Sheriff, a man Andi Grace attended school with, warns her to keep her distance, she knows she is the prime suspect. She feels she had to keep investigating to clear her name.

Fortunately, she has the help of hunky Marc Williams, a lawyer turned boat-builder, who was also Peter’s friend.

Andi Grace is a dog walker by trade, and dogs play a large part in this cozy. Light and fun.

Horns of Consecration

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What are the Horns of Consecration? I mention them over and over in my mysteries. (In the shadow of the Bull and On the Horns of Death)

The horns, a symbolic representation of the horns of the sacred bull, were everywhere in Minoan Crete. They ranged in size from smaller ones that edged walkways and stairs to larger ones.

A still intact horns of consecration

As I’ve discussed, one of the features of his culture was the bull leaping which, in my opinion, probably bridged sport and religion.

Currently Reading

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I met Mindy Quigley at Malice Domestic and, as usual, following my practice of reading something by every author I meet. I read Six Feet Deep Dish.

And what fun it was too.

Delilah O’Leary can’t wait to open her gourmet pizza restaurant in beautiful Geneva Bay, Wisconsin.. This has always been her dream. But the day before opening, her wealthy boyfriend dumps her, leaving her with an armful of bills.

Then, on opening night, Delilah finds her aunt’s caregiver Jeremy shot dead – and her aunt holding the gun.

To make matters worse, the detective, Calvin Capone (yes, the great grandson of THAT Capone) closes the restaurant while the investigation is ongoing. Needless to say, sparks fly between Delilah and Capone.

Written in a snappy style with several engaging characters – Delilah’s Aunt Biz is my favorite – this cozy is a treat.

Highly Recommended.

Currently Reading

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I read two books this past week, but will save the one for Heather Weidner. She is on the panel at Malice Domestic that I am moderating. I will blog about all four of those books at the same time.

Speaking of conferences, I read the first in a series of my table mate at the Suffolk Mystery Festival.

Home is where the murder is

is the first in the Hometown Mysteries series.

Tessa Tresswell returns to Idaho after a twenty year career in the armed forces. Although Tessa is struggling to adapt to civilian life, she enjoys working on fixing cars with her Aunt Edna. Her family hopes she will stay, but Tessa isn’t sure.

Then Tessa finds a dead body in the park. She doesn’t know Augie That but her family does; he claimed that their property, including the garage and the store, was half his.

To make matters worse, the sheriff just happens to be Tessa’s high school love.

When Aunt Edna is arrested, Tessa knows she will have to investigate and make sure justice is done.

Lots of fun at the same time it deals with a serious subject: returning vets. Highly Recommended.

Funeral Rites in Minoan Crete

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Let me begin by saying that, although there are plenty of theories about burial practices, there are very few facts we know for certain. However, I gleaned what I could and imagined the rest. Since I write murder mysteries, I have to include something about funeral and burial practices.

Excavations have found human remains put in jars and secreted in caves but treatment of human remains began to transition to tombs. When Martis’s sister is interred In the Shadow of the Bull

I describe what I imagined the scene to look like: the giant stone covering the entrance and the remains of many family members in one tomb.

I also include in both the Crete books, the above and also On the Horns of Death

some other descriptions that might or might not be true.

A fresco from Crete show a musician playing a flute in front of what looks like a funeral cortege so I added that to my description. Martis carries gifts to add to the caskets: a small ship for her sister and a small clay figure of a bull for her friend. We know grave goods were included and during the Classical period, small ships were added to carry the departed over the River Styx. I theorized that this was a practice that began in the Bronze Age.

The professional mourners were also a feature in Classical Greece so I thought it was possible they were important before that era. I described them, in groups of a few to many depending on the wealth of the family, in both books.

Finally, I include a meal, a funeral dinner, if you will, connected to the services. I thought this was a reasonable supposition since, even now, food is offered to the mourners after a service. Descriptions of such meals are also part of Homer’s works so a decision to include them seemed safe.

Currently Reading

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I finished the L.A. Chandlar series (so far). I read the Pearl Dagger.

Lane and Finn continue their search for the heir to the Red Scroll gang – Daphne – following her to London. Lane meets Finn’s family and together they uncover the secret behind the accident that almost killed Finn.

A meeting in a pub also reveals the secret behind the pearl dagger.

I hope Chandlar writes a fourth since there are still loose ends remaining.

Lots of fun.

I also read The Murder in Trastevere by Jen Collins Moore.

Fran, an expat who has lived in Rome for ten years, has made it her mission to meet all the new expats. Her parties are legendary. But now her husband is divorcing her and running off to California with his new girlfriend. Now Fran is throwing a party for Rowena, who has achieved a promotion. But Rowena, a vegan, dies from poison and Fran is the prime suspect.

And someone is trying to kill her. She is pushed into the street right in front of a bus.

Finally, realizing she has to take charge of her own investigation, Fran begins to look into Rowena, her husband, her assistant and more. Along the way, Fran discovers who her real friends are.

Nicely framed around Frans study of Caraveggio, the investigation takes Fran all around Rome. I did not see the solution coming. Highly recommended.

Amazons – Warrior Women

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In Greek legends, the Amazons were formidable women warriors who lived on the edge of the known world. Hercules had to obtain the magic girdle of the Amazonian queen Hippolyte in one of his 12 labours, and Achilles killed another queen, Penthesilea, only to fall in love with her when he saw her face. (Kind of ironic that.)

These horseback-riding, bow-wielding nomads, who fought and hunted just like men, have long been shrouded in myth. (Remember, one of the stories claims these fierce female warriors also cut off one breast so as to be able to shoot a bow more effectively.

Now archaeologists are discovering increasing evidence that they really did exist.

Excavations of graves within a bronze age necropolis in Nakhchivan in Akzbaijan revealed that women had been buried with weapons such as razor-sharp arrowheads, a bronze dagger and a mace, as well as jewellery.

These fearsome women from 4000 years ago were famed for their male-free society and their prowess on the battlefield, particularly with a bow and arrow. (The men were, according to one theory, out fighting themselves. To another, that the men were tending the herds.)

Recent issues of Archaeology Magazine and World Archaeology have discussed the excavations leading up to the conclusion that the women from the Caucasus could have been the legendary Amazons.

In 2019, the remains of four female warriors buried with arrowheads and spears were found in Russia and, in 2017, Armenian archaeologists unearthed the remains of a woman who appeared to have died from battle injuries, as an arrowhead was buried in her leg. In the early 1990s, the remains of a woman buried with a dagger were found near the Kazakhstan border.

Some of the skeletons reveal that the women had used bows and arrows extensively. Historian Bettany Hughes observed that “Their fingers are warped because they’re using arrows so much. Changes on the finger joints wouldn’t just happen from hunting. That is some sustained, big practice. What’s very exciting is that a lot of the bone evidence is also showing clear evidence of sustained time in the saddle. Women’s pelvises are basically opened up because they’re riding horses. [Their] bones are just shaped by their lifestyle.”

This is particularly interesting to me since current theory suggests patriarchy came from the steppes with the adoption of the horse. Maybe the story isn’t as cut and dried as it appears.

A documentary detailing some of these finds will be broadcast on the BBC in April. In it, Hughes visits the mountain village of Khinalig. This is the highest inhabited place in Europe. There has been a settlement there since the Bronze Age, and stories handed down through their generations tell of women who fought like men but covered their faces with scarves.

Women, it appears, enjoyed more varied lives in the ancient past than those brought about by patriarchy in our more recent cultural history.